Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is "the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions". And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process-taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one's personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. "Academics have expert knowledge," Sir Andrew observes. "They don't necessarily have judgment." People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. "While good judgment is important to success," Sir Andrew cautions, "success is not a signal that there has been good judgment."
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, "I won't get vaccinated" or "I won't pay my bills"). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
- What's Sir Andrew's definition of judgement?
41. Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same as making judgements?
42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
- Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
43. Please list a factor except "judgement" that can lead to success and explain why. (about 40 words)
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假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们学校下个月即将举办庆祝建党100周年系列活动，请你给学校的英国交换生Jim写一封信，内容包括：
1.此次系列活动的内容；
2.邀请他参加。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：建党100 周年 the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
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2021北京门头沟高三二模英语